Aspectos a tener en cuenta para la madre tras la cuarentena

Cuidar nuestra alimentación suele ser un reto y un deseo a partes iguales. Dependiendo de la etapa de nuestra vida en la que nos encontremos, este autocuidado buscará satisfacer los objetivos que más nos interesan en cada momento.

Si bien es cierto que los objetivos más comunes suelen ir dirigidos a una pérdida de grasa o pérdida de peso. Tanto es así, que se suelen buscar las formas más innovadoras y/o rápidas para conseguirlo pues impera en nuestra sociedad la cultura de dieta y el peso centrismo, es decir, fijarnos solo en lo que marca la báscula a la hora de medir si estamos progresando o no.

Y estas pautas no siempre van de la mano de un profesional.

Sin embargo, el objetivo principal siempre debe ser promover nuestra salud, independientemente de la etapa vital en la que te encuentres.

Por ello debemos tener en cuenta que cuando se produce una pérdida de peso elevada y rápida, es muy probable que no sea una manera saludable de hacerlo. Estos riesgos pueden ser mayores o menores dependiendo de la etapa vital en la que nos encontremos.

Esto también puede ocurrir cuando una mujer ha dado a luz a su primer hijo y, tras ello, quiere recuperar el peso o su forma física que tenía previa al embarazo. Este escenario es delicado, ya que por querer recuperarlo demasiado rápido podemos poner en riesgo la recuperación postparto e incluso la lactancia del bebé.

Como comentaremos más adelante, debemos mantener una dieta equilibrada y variada también durante esta etapa, pues el propio cuerpo también se irá regulando y remodelando por sí mismo hasta valores similares de masa grasa y masa muscular que tenía antes del embarazo. 

Por ello, hoy te explicamos aquellos aspectos que tienes que tener en cuenta para alimentarte de manera correcta durante esta etapa y cómo tu cuerpo es capaz de recuperar tu estado físico previo al embarazo de una forma saludable.

Antes de empezar, cabe destacar que la alimentación que haya llevado la persona durante los meses de embarazo jugará un papel fundamental en este proceso.

 

Lactancia ¿Si o No?

Durante el embarazo, el cuerpo de la mujer sufre una serie de cambios en su composición corporal, es decir, aumenta sus reservas de grasa para poder gestar perfectamente al nuevo ser humano que va a nacer. Pero estos cambios no son solo para la etapa del embarazo, sino que también van destinados para la alimentación del bebé una vez ha nacido. 

Y es que la lactancia materna no solo es una fuente de nutrientes idónea para el bebé, sino que también cumple otras funciones, como el aumento del vínculo maternofilial, pero también genera unos beneficios en el cuerpo de la madre:

      Genera un vínculo materno-filial. 

Al iniciar la lactancia materna se desarrolla un vínculo entre la madre y el bebé capaz de mejorar, además, el estado anímico y autoestima de la madre. 

      Ayuda a mejorar la recuperación y cicatrización tras el parto.

Cuando el bebé succiona las mamas de la madre, se desencadena una serie de procesos hormonales que concluyen con la salida de la leche materna. Por otro lado, también se promueve mediante este desencadenante unos sucesos fisiológicos que mejoran la cicatrización y recuperación tras el parto.

      Mejora la recuperación de la composición corporal de la madre previa al embarazo.

Durante el embarazo el cuerpo modula su composición corporal, aumentando principalmente sus reservas de grasas y pudiendo disminuir, por otra parte, su masa muscular con el objetivo de poder gestar y alimentar al futuro bebé.

Una vez se inicia la lactancia, este aumento en las reservas de grasa irá destinado, en gran medida, a la fabricación de la leche materna, por lo que la lactancia promueve la recuperación de la composición corporal previa al embarazo.

      Proporciona compuestos bioactivos, así como hormonas y factores de crecimiento para el bebé.

Esto genera un correcto desarrollo en distintos tejidos y sistemas del bebé que podrán influir en su vida adulta, como es el caso del sistema inmunitario e incluso del desarrollo intestinal y de la microbiota del bebé. 

 

Alimentación re-composición corporal

Como hemos comentado anteriormente, la energía que se ha reservado en forma de grasa durante el embarazo en el cuerpo de la madre va a ir, en gran medida, destinada a la formación de leche materna, por lo que será un aspecto importante que ayudará a dicha recomposición corporal, es decir, al aumento de masa muscular y, sobre todo, a la disminución de masa grasa.

A nivel nutricional es interesante tener en cuenta los siguientes aspectos que debe considerar la madre durante la lactancia:

      Asegurar una mínima ingesta de agua. Movernos en los 2 Litros diarios sería recomendable, si hiciera falta más, aparecerá la sensación de sed y la madre podrá beber a demanda.

      Calorías. Durante la lactancia se ve aumentado el gasto energético en el cuerpo de la madre al tener que producir la leche materna, por lo que es interesante que se aumenten unas 300-500 kcal para este objetivo, aunque lo importante es acudir a un Nutricionista que te asesore cómo hacerlo correctamente.

      Cafeína. La cafeína puede pasar a la leche materna, por lo que se aconseja beber 1 café máximo al día y evitar que sea alrededor de la toma. El café, al igual que el tabaco, pueden generar cambios organolépticos en la leche materna, aumentando el riesgo de que el bebé la pueda rechazar.

      Eliminar la ingesta de alcohol si se va a dar lactancia, ya que el alcohol puede pasar parcialmente, a través de la sangre, a la leche materna y que llegue al bebé: Pudiendo ocasionar de esta forma un riesgo para su salud y/o una alteración del sabor de la leche materna que haga que el bebé la pueda rechazar.

      En cuanto a micronutrientes no debería haber cambios significativos en comparación a la población general, salvo en el caso de los siguientes:

Yodo. Se aconseja aumentar su ingesta, más allá de consumir sal yodada. Alimentos como los huevos, la leche, el yogur o pescados pueden aumentar nuestra ingesta de yodo.

Calcio. Si se da lactancia, es importante poder cubrir los requerimientos nutricionales de calcio, ya que una parte de este irá destinado a la lactancia. Para ello, asegúrate de consumir unas 4 raciones al día de productos lácteos y/o no lácteos ricos en calcio, como la leche, yogures, queso, frutos secos, verdura de hoja verde o semillas de sésamo.

Vitamina D. Esta vitamina es crucial para un correcto funcionamiento del organismo, pero también para una buena salud ósea.

Cabe destacar que su obtención es principalmente a través de los rayos solares, por lo que es importante controlar que no tienes un déficit de esta vitamina si vives en un lugar donde hay poca luz solar o durante el invierno.

Sin embargo, tras todo lo comentado, soy consciente de que hoy en día poder dar lactancia materna exclusiva se ha vuelto complicado en muchas casas, pero siempre que sea posible sería recomendable. 

Por otro lado, las fórmulas de leche materna están cada vez más conseguidas en cuanto a semejanza nutricional y cumplen una importante función en estos casos.

 

 

Nutrientes

Durante esta etapa se debe seguir llevando una alimentación equilibrada y variada en cuanto a reparto de nutrientes como las proteínas, hidratos de carbono y grasas. Las recomendaciones nutricionales en este aspecto son muy similares a las de la población general.

Además, recalcar que casi nunca es un buen momento para hacer un déficit calórico agresivo y en esta etapa tampoco lo es. 

Al tener cubiertas las necesidades nutricionales de energía y nutrientes que nos aseguren una buena salud y nos permitan disfrutar de nuestro día a día, se podría hacer déficits calóricos controlados y progresivos que vaya acompañando al progreso natural de recomposición corporal que se irá produciendo. 

De esta manera conseguiremos unos resultados saludables y eficientes.

https://youtube.com/shorts/cXwxoX1WCK4

Actividad física

La actividad física es un pilar fundamental antes, durante y después del embarazo. Permitir estimular de la manera correcta nuestra masa muscular y nuestra condición física jugará un relevante papel en cómo se comporta el cuerpo tras el embarazo.

Podrá tener mayor facilidad para regularse y recuperarse en todos los sentidos.

Igualmente, lo recomendable es seguir los consejos de profesionales del deporte en cada etapa, ya que existen unas limitaciones físicas que se deben tener en cuenta para asegurar la salud de la mujer y no se debería hacer cualquier tipo de deporte o a cualquier intensidad, aunque aparentemente se pueda, ya que no tiene porqué ser lo idóneo.

 

Conclusión

Tras el embarazo comienza una nueva etapa para la mujer y para el bebé, igual de emocionante e importante. Por ello y para que la salud de ambos sea la mejor posible, sigue las recomendaciones de profesionales que te guíen en función de tu contexto personal y de lo que mejor te puede venir según tus circunstancias.

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Experto

Dietista-Nutricionista Nº colegiado: MU00278

Dietista-Nutricionista

Experiencia laboral

Tras acabar el grado comencé a trabajar por cuenta propia con mi negocio, con el que llevo más de 3 años, y también paso consulta desde hace 2 años en una clínica. Son mis desempeños laborales actuales. Previamente he estado formándome laboralmente y/o con contratos de prácticas en el Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia y en el Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, en Murcia, y en el Hospital de Nens de Barcelona. Además, colaboro como redactor de artículos de nutrición en la revista más leída de habla hispana sobre entrenamiento de fuerza y Crossfit, Zona Wod. Durante el año 2019 fui presidente de ADINU Murcia (Asociación de Dietistas-Nutricionistas universitarios de la Región de Murcia)

Formación

Dietista-Nutricionista, especializado en nutrición deportiva, mujer deportista y salud. Soy graduado en Nutrición Humana y Dietética por la Universidad de Murcia. Tras ello, realicé un Master en Nutrición y Metabolismo interuniversitario por la Universidad Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona) y por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. También cuento con formación especializada en Nutrición en la Mujer Deportista y en Antropometría (ISAK I). Hoy en día, compagino mi negocio de Nutrición junto con el Doctorado en el Departamento de Fisiología Humana en la Universidad de Murcia

Entrevistas, noticias o publicaciones de José Miguel Osete

He participado como comunicador oral en el XXI Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición (2022) y como ponente en el I Congreso de Jóvenes Investigadores e Investigadoras de Nutrición (2019) y en diversas Jornadas de Nutrición. En el año 2019, recibí una Beca de Colaboración del Ministerio mediante la cual participe en una línea de investigación en la Universidad de Barcelona.

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