¿Por qué es importante usar protector solar?

El verano se acerca, y con ello, las esperadas vacaciones bajo el sol. Pero debe recordarse que, ante la exposición solar, se debe proteger la piel de los nocivos rayos. Estas claves ayudarán a elegir el protector solar más indicado, según el tipo de piel y otros condicionantes que, en muchas ocasiones, no se tienen en cuenta.

El uso de un fotoprotector es imprescindible siempre que se produzca la exposición al sol, tanto en verano como en invierno. No se debe salir a la calle sin protección, para evitar así abrir la puerta al fotoenvejecimiento y a problemas de salud mucho más severos. Cuanto más tiempo se permanezca bajo los rayos del sol, más protección se necesitará.

 

El SPF, la base de la elección

Para elegir una crema protectora adecuada, es recomendable leer la etiqueta del producto. Evalúa también el SPF o factor de protección solar, número que indicará cuál es el grado de protección que ofrece para la piel: mientras más alto es el número, la protección será mayor.

Los protectores solares contienen fotoprotectores que se encargan de la defensa de la piel al filtrar las radiaciones ultravioleta. En función del factor de protección, los índices son:

  • Protección mínima: SPF de 2 a 6
  • Baja protección: SPF de 7 a 20
  • Protección media: SPF de 20 a 35
  • Alta protección: SPF de 35 a 50
  • Muy alta protección: SPF50+

Protección para cada tipo de piel

Los especialistas en el área dermatológica aconsejan el uso de cremas de protección solar teniendo en cuenta el tipo de piel, para lograr así un óptimo cuidado. Al elegir es importante hacerlo en base al SPF o factor de protección solar. No será necesario el mismo tipo de factor en una persona adulta con la piel bronceada, que en el caso de niños mayores de 1 año.

Para pieles morenas y bronceadas se recomienda, habitualmente, un protector solar con SPF 15; en el caso de pieles claras, lo más indicado sería a partir de un SPF 30; si la piel es muy clara y con pecas, la protección deberá alcanzar un SPF50 o SPF50+. La piel blanca requiere de un factor de protección de 30 o más, dependiendo del tiempo de exposición. La piel mixta o ligeramente oscura se pigmenta rápidamente y requiere 10 o más, mientras que las pieles más oscuras necesitan 8 y la negra alrededor de un 6, que es la protección mínima.

¿Qué formato elegir para el protector solar?

En relación a la aplicación del protector solar, los expertos recomiendan para la piel grasa una protección en gel, spray o mousse. Para la piel normal, cualquiera de las presentaciones se pueden usar. En el caso de piel sensible, es necesario conocer cuáles fueron usadas anteriormente y cuál se adaptó mejor. En cuanto a la piel seca, por sus características, se deben elegir pomadas, ungüentos y cremas humectantes. La piel mixta se favorece con protectores en gel o crema.

Es muy importante recordar que no solamente en la época estival se debe cuidar la piel frente al sol. En otras estaciones, aunque la exposición a la radiación solar varíe o sea menor, hay que proteger igualmente la piel. Lo mejor es que elegir siempre una crema que cumpla con los criterios de cuidado, con un factor de protección solar de acuerdo a la necesidad de cada persona.

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