¿Qué son los parabenos?

“Sin parabenos”. ¿En cuántos productos has leído ya esto? Cada vez son más las marcas que han decidido no añadir esta sustancia a sus cosméticos. Pero, ¿sabes lo que son?

Los parabenos son conservantes químicos que se añaden a los productos de belleza  para evitar que el producto en cuestión se degenere con microorganismos, hongos o bacterias. Son los conservantes cosméticos y farmacéuticos más usados en todo el mundo debido a su bajísimo precio, por su actividad bactericida y fungicida con el producto. Hay dos tipos: Los parabenos orgánicos, algunos alimentos como los arándanos los contienen y como se metabolizan de forma natural no representan ningún problema; y los parabenos sintéticos, que se han fabricado de forma química.

También se utilizan para la composición de varios productos farmaceúticos, como jarabes para la tos, antiácidos, funguicidas vaginales, antibióticos y en composiciones de paracetamol e ibuprofeno.

La identificación de los parabenos se puede llevar a cabo desde la etiqueta por sus nombres, generalmente en inglés: propylparaben, benzylparaben, butylparaben o methylparaben. Pero ahora lo importante, ¿sabes cómo afectan a la piel?

Mitos y verdades sobre los parabenos

Quienes hayan oído hablar ya de ellos sabrán que normalmente no se les cataloga como buenos. Pero hay que demostrar hasta qué punto eso es cierto ya que cada vez son más los mitos que circulan sobre ellos. Son sustancias aprobadas por las autoridades sanitarias europeas y españolas y están catalogados como productos con baja toxicidad y seguros, ya que nuestro organismo es capaz de absorber y metabolizar esta sustancia y eliminarla de forma rápida.

  • ¿Por qué se eligen los parabenos como conservantes? Son económicos, no tienen olor ni gusto y no alteran el color de la formula.
  • ¿A que se viene su mala fama? Porque están relacionados con modificaciones y toxicidades del sistema endócrino. Según la ciencia, se ha intentado demostrar su toxicidad aguda y, por el momento, está descartada.
  • “Los parabenos son alergénicos”. Por más prolongada que sea su exposición sobre la piel, no causan efecto alergénico y, en este sentido, han demostrado ser seguros.
  • “Los parabenos afectan la fertilidad”. Por ahora, no es más que una hipótesis sin verificación. Tanto los estudios que la apoyan como los que la descartan son de mala calidad.
  • “Los parabenos son cancerígenos”. Sí que es cierto que se ha encontrado esta sustancia en tumores de mama, pero no se ha demostrado que esta sea la causa. Hasta el momento, son clasificados como no mutagénicos y no carciongénicos.

Elige bien lo que usas

Como decimos, a fecha de hoy no existe ningún estudio concluyente que alerte sobre el uso de parabenos, y para las autoridades sanitarias sigue siendo un producto “no tóxico”. Pero a pesar de esto se siguen analizando sus efectos a largo plazo en diferentes estudios por todo el mundo, sobre todo en su aplicación en la cosmética infantil, en los desodorantes y en las lacas de uñas. Por eso, si ante la duda prefieres utilizar algún producto libre de parabenos, aquí te doy algunas opciones.

  • Vichy Desodorante Anti-transpirante Piel Sensible y Depilada 50ml. Roll-on especialmente indicado para las pieles más sensibles y delicadas y para la piel recién depilada. Sin alcohol, sin perfume ni parabenos.
  • Roger & Gallet Gel de Ducha Fleur de Figuier 400ml. Otorga un aroma vegetal a la piel, que dura mucho tiempo después del lavado personal. Sus bases vegetales de origen natural le permiten aplicarse en todo tipo de pieles.
  • Avène Solar Spray SPF 20 200ml. Un complejo fotoprotector estable y eficaz, que incluye el agua termal de Avène, con propiedades calmantes y desensibilizantes.
  • La Roche Posay Agua Micelar 750 ml. Está formulada con agentes limpiadores seleccionados para que sea realmente tolerante y tiene un gran poder desmaquillante, con agua termal de La Roche Posay. PH fisiológico, sin colorantes, sin alcohol, sin jabón y sin parabenos.

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